Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 17 Articles
Fast dissolving oral films are the advanced form of dosage form due to more flexibility and comfort as it improve the efficacy of APIs by dissolving within oral cavity after the get in touch with less saliva as compared to fast dissolving tablets, without chewing and no necessitate of water for administration. The FDOFs place as a substitute in the market due to the consumer’s fondness for a fast dissolving product over conventional tablets/capsules. The oral thin-film technology is still in the foundation stages and has intense future in front because it fulfils all the need of patients. These films have a potential to deliver the drug systemically through intragastric, sublingual or buccal route of administration. The present review provides an account of various formulation considerations, method of preparation, formulation technologies and various patents available in US country....
The Pioglitazone microcapsules were formulated to extend the hypoglycemic effect up to a period of 12hours. The pioglitazone microcapsules were formulated by employing orifice ionic gelation technique. The effect of various process variables such as polymer concentration, core : coat ratio, curing reagent, curing time, concentration of curing reagent, volume of curing reagent on the entrapment effeciency and drug release rate was studied. The optimized formulation was selected based on the entrapment effeciency and drug release rate. The optimized formulation of pioglitazone microcapsules were subjected to the hypoglycemic activity in healthy albino rabbits [n=5]. The blood glucose levels were measured and then percentage glucose reduction was calculated. The data was treated statistically. Compared the mean blood glucose levels observed from poglitazone and its microcapsules. The hypoglycemic activity of pure drug was observed maximum at 6th hour and the hypoglycemic activity of its microcapsules was observed maximun at 8th hour and it was extended up to 10th hour....
The main objective of the present study was to conduct the bioequivalency studies by comparing the invitro dissolution studies and subjecting them to ANOVA (One-way classification) of some Paracetamol commercial marketed tablets such as CROCIN, CALPOL, and PARACIP & METACIN widely available in India. The invitro dissolution results of the Conventional CROCIN tablet showed the highest release of 97.15 and Calpol showed at the release of 97.13 at the end of 25 minutes. Further, it was observed that the release profiles varied slightly within in the brands and among the brands but strictly confined to the prescribed limit. ANOVA (One-way classification) results revealed that that there was no significant difference between the brands indicating that they are bio equivalent....
Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of health problems including fever. The polyhebral crud drug formulation (tablets) has been developed for the treatment of various diseases. The purpose of the present study was to formulate antipyretic polyhebral tablets by using well documented medicinal plants such as Andrographis paniculata (whole plant), Coleus aromaticus (whole plant), Tinospora cordifolia (stem), Zingiber officianale (rhizome) and Piper nigrum (ripe fruits). In this work, dried plants powder was used, which was obtained from different parts of five medicinal plants that have anti-pyretic effects. The polyherbal tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using single rotary tablet machine. All parameters related to physicochemical properties, microbial examination and trace metal of dried plants powder exhibited that these were within limits and can be used for the polyherbal tablet formulation. The granules of dried plants powders were prepared by wet granulation method using isopropyl alcohol. The blends were investigated for its flow properties as well as compressibility, which were found to be good. The polyherbal tablets were assessed for the colour, odour, thickness and diameter, with visual inspection for any defects on the tablets, weight variation, hardness, friability and in vitro disintegration time....
In the present work, fast disintegrating tablets of Caffeine were prepared by subliming method with a view to enhance patient compliance. Initially solid dispersion of caffeine was prepared by using beta cyclodextrin. two super-disintegrants, viz., Hibiscus rosa mucilage powder and linseed mucilage powder were with camphor as subliming agent. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, in-vitro disintegration time and in-vitro drug release. Six formulations with two different individual super disintegrants were tested for the in-vitro drug release pattern (in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer). Among the six promising formulations with two different individual super disintegrants the formulation F3 prepared by using 15mg of hibiscus rosa and 30 mg of camphor emerged as the best formulation when compared with formulation containing linseed mucilage powder based on the in-vitro drug release characteristics....
Hydrochlorothiazide is a drug with low aqueous solubility, used as a diuretic and also used in the management of mild to moderate hypertension. The major problem in oral administration of hydrochlorothiazide is its poor oral bioavailability. So in this investigation, liquisolid compacts were prepared with propylene glycol in different ratios of vehicle to increase the dissolution rate and subsequent increase in oral bioavailability. The drug and propylene glycol were taken in 1:2, 1:4 ratios with MCC and lactose as diluents. The prepared liquisolid granules were compressed into tablets and with 5 mm punch at 4kg/cm2 hardness. Hardness, drug content, weight variation, disintegration and dissolution tests were conducted. Similar compositions (without solvent vehicle) were made into tablets by wet granulation method and the dissolution rates were compared with liquisolid tablets. From the results it is found that the liquisolid technique was found to be more effective for drug release than conventional wet granulation technique. The effects of MCC and lactose on dissolution are statistically non significant (p<0.05). Among the liquisolid compacts 1:4 drug: propylene glycol ratio with micro crystalline cellulose was determined to be the best formulation with effective dissolution efficiency....
SMEDDS are the preconcentrates of microemulsion, which forms microemulsion when come in contact with GI fluid. This microemulsifyng drug delivery system, are clear dispersions allowing wide range of advantages for formulators in designing liquid dosage form for aqueous insoluble drugs. Present review focuses on the properties of SMEDDS before and after their contact with GI fluid. The review contains the selection criteria of excipients, the formulation method of SMEDDS and their in-vitro evaluation. The advantages of SMEDDS are described with references to other dosage forms and normal emulsions....
In the recent years, many of the pharmaceutical groups are focusing their research on rapid dissolving technology. Amongst the rapid drug releasing products, Fast Dissolving Oral film technology is gaining much attention. The main advantage of this technology is the administration to pediatric and geriatric patient population where the difficulty of swallowing larger oral dosage forms is eliminated. An attempt was made to explore the film forming properties of various film formers used in oral film technology. Different grads of methocel, pullulan, Chitosan, PVA and kollicoat IR were used as film formers. Films were prepared by solvent casting method. Films composed of HPMC E5 in combination with PVA showed excellent film forming capacity along with folding endurance 52, disintegration time 24sec and dissolution time 46sec....
The aim of the present study was to formulate a clindamycin phosphate and nicotinamide combination gel using allantoin base. Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition with substantial cutaneous and psychologic disease burden. Clindamycin Phosphate and Nicotinamide are approved anti-acne drugs with a potent anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, safety and efficacy of topical 1% clindamycin phosphate and 4% nicotinamide gel in mild and moderate acne vulgaris was investigated. Carbopol-940 was selected as gelling agent with allantoin in the formulated gel. Propylene Glycol was selected as solvent. Evaluate formulation with different parameters i.e. appearence, pH, viscosity, spreadibility, extrudability. Formulation of Clindamycin Phosphate and Nicotinamide gel had the desired properties with respect to their colour, odour, pH, viscosity, drug content, spreadibility, extrudability....
Sublingual administration of the drug means placement of the drug under the tongue and drug reaches directly in to the blood stream through the ventral surface of the tongue and floor of the mouth. The concept of formulating Sublingual tablets of Felodipine (antihypertensive drug) offer suitable and practical approach in serving the desired objective of faster disintegration and dissolution characteristic with increase bioavailability and to know the effects of two synthetic superdisintegrants (kyron and Croscarmellose sodium). In the present work comparison between kyron and Croscarmellose sodium was done by taking different ratio (1:1,1:2,2:1,1:3,3:1). Combination of these two superdisintegrants shows synergistic effect when it compared individually. Solid dispersion of the drug is made by using betacyclodextrine to increase the solubility of the drug. Prepared tablets were subjected to different evaluation parameters such as hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time, in vitro dissolution studies and stability studies are carried out by using best formulation....
In the present work, fast disintegrating tablets of Caffeine were prepared by subliming method with a view to enhance patient compliance.Initially solid dispersion of caffeine was prepared by using beta cyclodextrin. two super-disintegrants, viz., crospovidone and Microcrystalline cellulose were with camphor as subliming agent. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for thickness, weigh variation, hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration time and in-vitro drug release. Six formulations were tested for the in-vitro drug release pattern (in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer). Among the six promising formulations, the formulation F5 prepared by using 10 mg of crospovidone and 25 mg of camphor and emerged as the overall best formulation based on the in-vitro drug release characteristics....
Synthetic mosquito repellent N, N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is widely used. Although it has a safety profile ,but number of reports on its toxicity against skin & nervous system like rashes, swelling, eye irritation, and worse problems including brain swelling in children, anaphylactic shock, low blood pressure. DEET must be used with caution in children as it cause dizziness and severely irritate the skin in long term use. Other effects are unpleasant odour, uncomfortable oily or sticky feeling. \r\nDue to these side effects herbal mosquito repellent are preferred over synthetic repellent. Different herbal mosquito repellent formulations using water soluble & removable base creams were prepared to study the mosquito repellent effect of garlic & cinnamon oil. Water removable base creams were better appreciated by the volunteers for their longer duration of action when applied on the skin. Water soluble bases cream were also appreciated by the volunteers but have shorter duration of action . Partitioning & non partitioning of the garlic & cinnamon oil among oily/ fatty ingredients of the water removable bases & soluble bases was attributed for slow and abrupt release of volatile oils from the preparation. Water removable creams containing cinnamon oil were better appreciated due to mild fragrance. The mosquito repellent activity of mixture of garlic & cinnamon oil containing water removable bases is high & prolong because cinnamon oil is used to mask the odor of garlic oil, but both of them have synergistic action on mosquito repellent....
Natural remedies are more acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effects than the synthetic ones. Herbal formulations have growing demand in the world market. The present work deals with the development and evaluation of the herbal mosquito repellent cream and lotion containing Neem oil, Citronella oil, Eucalyptus oil. Although various topical herbal formulations are available in the market, we propose to make use of Neem oil, Citronella oil, Eucalyptus oil. The plants have been reported in the literature having good mosquito repellent activity. Various formulations (cream and lotion) were prepared using agents like lanolin, triethanolamine and stearic acid in varied concentrations. Prepared formulations (cream and lotion) were evaluated for various parameters like colour, appearance, consistency, pH, spreadability and stability. It is a very good attempt to establish the herbal formulations (cream and lotion) containing Neem oil, Citronella oil, Eucalyptus oil. The prepared formulations showed no signs of instabilities and irritation to the skin which were usually seen in the usage of synthetic drugs....
Objective of this study was to formulate directly compressible orally disintegrating tablets of tramadol hydrochloride with sufficient mechanical integrity, content uniformity, and acceptable palatability to assist patients of any age group for easy administration. Effect of varying concentrations of different superdisintegrants such as crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate on disintegration time was studied. Tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro disintegrating time, wetting time and in vitro drug release. The results of disintegration time and wetting time of tablets prepared using crospovidone was significantly superior compared to other two superdisintegrants evaluated. Release of drug was quick from formulations containing crospovidone (F6) compared to the other orally disintegrating tablet prepared....
Tramadol is an opioid analgesic drug has been used as an add-on treatment in adults and children. As precision of dosing and patient’s compliance become an important prerequisite for quick relief from analgesic there is a need to develop a formulation for this drug which overcomes problems such as difficulty in swallowing, inconvenience in administration while travelling and better compliance. Hence, the present research work was held to develop a fast dissolving tablet of tramadol, prepared with Avicel PH 102 and sodium starch glycolate by direct compression method. All formulations were evaluated for characteristics such as hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution rate. An effective pleasant formulation was found to be having a good hardness of 4kg/cm2, disintegration time of 20±1 seconds and in-vitro drug release of not less than 98% within 3 minutes. The drug release was found to be comparable with the marketed dispersible tablet Trd-MD, of Mundi Pharmaceuticals....
Eye is the most unique organ, delivery of drugs to the eye needs utmost care and it is a tedious process. There are so many conventional dosage forms like eye drops, suspensions ointments solutions lotions, possess less bioavailability due to lachrymal drainage. Drug administration to eye through the topical and intravitreal routes has many obstacles. Recently various drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the ocular bioavailability. These drug delivery systems increase the contact time as well as decrease the drug elimination. This review article focuses on the anatomy of the eye, various routes and barriers of drug delivery systems, conventional dosage forms and novel dosage forms....
The aim of this work was formulation and characterization of venlafaxine fast dissolving films containing venlafaxine is a bicyclic antidepressant and is usually categorized as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), but it has been referred to as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI). Films were formulated using film forming polymer like Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC E5) (F1 – F4) and mixture of HPMC E5 and Polyoxyethylenesorbitan-monooleate (TWEEN 80) (F5 – F8) were prepared by solvent casting technique with the help of Polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) as a plasticizer and glycerine as a sweetening agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis was performed to study the interaction between the drug and polymer respectively. The films were evaluated for weight variation, surface pH , folding endurance, drug content, dissolving time, disintegration time, in-vitro dissolution studies. Based on the evaluation parameters F1 containing Drug:Polymer (1:1) ratio showed optimum performance and marked increase in releasing of drug 87.99%, though F5 formulation has maximum drug release as it has less tensile strength. It can be concluded in the study that mouth dissolving film can be potential novel drug dosage form for poorly water soluble drugs....
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